
\begingroup
\centering
\begin{tabular}{lcccccccccc}
   \toprule
    & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\makecell{Occupational\\diversity}} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\makecell{USPTO tech \\codes diversity}} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\makecell{Residential segregation\\of surname groups}} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\makecell{Residential segregation of\\ ancestral-country groups}} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\makecell{Strength of\\family ties}}\\
\cmidrule(lr){2-3}  \cmidrule(lr){4-5} \cmidrule(lr){6-7}  \cmidrule(lr){8-9}  \cmidrule(lr){10-11}
                               & (1)           & (2)           & (3)           & (4)           & (5)            & (6)            & (7)            & (8)            & (9)           & (10)\\  
   \midrule 
\multicolumn{2}{l}{\textit{Panel A: Least-squares estimates}} &  \multicolumn{9}{c}{}\\ \cmidrule(lr){1-11}
   Surname diversity           & 0.301$^{***}$ & 0.328$^{***}$ & 0.303$^{***}$ & 0.362$^{***}$ & -0.387$^{***}$ & -0.432$^{***}$ & -1.079$^{***}$ & -1.320$^{***}$ & -0.202$^{**}$ & -0.157$^{*}$\\   
                               & (0.079)       & (0.082)       & (0.051)       & (0.066)       & (0.080)        & (0.086)        & (0.162)        & (0.135)        & (0.086)       & (0.087)\\   
   Ancestral-country diversity &               & -0.051        &               & -0.096$^{**}$ &                & 0.078          &                & 0.417$^{***}$  &               & -0.080$^{**}$\\   
                               &               & (0.044)       &               & (0.036)       &                & (0.050)        &                & (0.028)        &               & (0.035)\\   
   Population                  & -0.050$^{*}$  & -0.049$^{*}$  & 0.059         & 0.062$^{*}$   & 0.044          & 0.040          & 0.091$^{**}$   & 0.073$^{*}$    & -0.088        & -0.085\\   
                               & (0.029)       & (0.027)       & (0.036)       & (0.037)       & (0.031)        & (0.032)        & (0.043)        & (0.037)        & (0.057)       & (0.057)\\   
    \\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{\textit{Panel B: Reduced-form estimates}} &  \multicolumn{9}{c}{}\\
\cmidrule(lr){1-11}
   Predicted surname diversity           & 0.281$^{***}$ & 0.278$^{***}$ & 0.233$^{***}$ & 0.247$^{***}$ & -0.314$^{***}$ & -0.352$^{***}$ & -0.824$^{***}$ & -0.878$^{***}$ & -0.207$^{***}$ & -0.237$^{***}$\\   
                                         & (0.068)       & (0.065)       & (0.047)       & (0.045)       & (0.080)        & (0.074)        & (0.217)        & (0.215)        & (0.062)        & (0.066)\\   
   Predicted ancestral-country diversity &               & 0.003         &               & -0.015        &                & 0.037$^{*}$    &                & 0.054$^{***}$  &                & 0.031\\   
                                         &               & (0.012)       &               & (0.015)       &                & (0.020)        &                & (0.013)        &                & (0.027)\\   
    Predicted population                 & -0.118$^{**}$ & -0.117$^{**}$ & -0.029        & -0.034        & 0.129$^{**}$   & 0.146$^{**}$   & 0.455$^{***}$  & 0.479$^{***}$  & -0.089         & -0.079\\   
                                         & (0.046)       & (0.046)       & (0.038)       & (0.036)       & (0.057)        & (0.055)        & (0.159)        & (0.161)        & (0.066)        & (0.062)\\   
\\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{\textit{Panel C: Instrumental-variable estimates}} &  \multicolumn{9}{c}{}\\
\cmidrule(lr){1-11}
   Surname diversity                     & 0.372$^{***}$ & 0.398$^{***}$ & 0.350$^{***}$ & 0.457$^{***}$ & -0.407$^{***}$ & -0.586$^{***}$ & -1.031$^{***}$ & -1.340$^{***}$ & -0.322$^{***}$ & -0.467$^{***}$\\   
                                         & (0.086)       & (0.100)       & (0.060)       & (0.095)       & (0.091)        & (0.127)        & (0.192)        & (0.118)        & (0.096)        & (0.130)\\   
   Ancestral-country diversity           &               & -0.057        &               & -0.193        &                & 0.345$^{**}$   &                & 0.597$^{***}$  &                & 0.299$^{*}$\\   
                                         &               & (0.083)       &               & (0.130)       &                & (0.165)        &                & (0.098)        &                & (0.173)\\   
   Population                            & -0.122$^{*}$  & -0.103        & 0.002         & 0.045         & 0.114$^{*}$    & -0.006         & 0.506$^{***}$  & 0.298$^{**}$   & -0.240$^{**}$  & -0.337$^{*}$\\   
                                         & (0.071)       & (0.066)       & (0.064)       & (0.090)       & (0.059)        & (0.095)        & (0.161)        & (0.137)        & (0.118)        & (0.174)\\   
\\
   Sanderson-Windmeijer \textit{F}-stat  & 159; 28       & 57; 90; 123   & 163; 18       & 38; 43; 60    & 145; 25        & 39; 63; 86     & 145; 25        & 39; 63; 86     & 158; 28        & 55; 86; 124\\  
    \\
   County fixed effects        & $\checkmark$  & $\checkmark$  & $\checkmark$  & $\checkmark$  & $\checkmark$   & $\checkmark$   & $\checkmark$   & $\checkmark$   & $\checkmark$  & $\checkmark$\\   
   State-Period fixed effects  & $\checkmark$  & $\checkmark$  & $\checkmark$  & $\checkmark$  & $\checkmark$   & $\checkmark$   & $\checkmark$   & $\checkmark$   & $\checkmark$  & $\checkmark$\\   
   County-specific linear trends     & $\checkmark$  & $\checkmark$  & $\checkmark$  & $\checkmark$  & $\checkmark$   & $\checkmark$   & $\checkmark$   & $\checkmark$   & $\checkmark$  & $\checkmark$\\   
   Observations                & 21,871        & 21,871        & 10,353        & 10,353        & 13,727         & 13,727         & 13,727         & 13,727         & 21,968        & 21,968\\  
   \bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\par\endgroup


